文字コードをUTF-8で統一しておく
ちょっとWindowsに突っ込もうとか思って昔メモってたはずの設定記事を
探していたら全然出てこない。もしかしてと思ったらfeedpathの下書きに
入っていたという。よくやらなきゃいけないんだけど忘れてしまうので
ちゃんと書いておこう。とはいえ詳しい説明は舞波先生のところに書いて
あったはず。
ちゃんと調べるなら->http://wota.jp/ac/?date=20061011
ですます調なのは昔の名残…
WEBサーバとDBMSの文字エンコーディングが違うような状況だったり、
新しいシステムへ移行する際にいまさらのように出てくる文字化け問題
があったりします。
起動しているMySQLがどのような状態かは次のようにして調べます。
例えばDBがEUC-JPだった場合。
mysql> status; -------------- mysql Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.46, for redhat-linux-gnu (i686) using readline 5.0 Connection id: 2 Current database: Current user: test@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.0.46 Source distribution Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: ujis Db characterset: ujis Client characterset: ujis Conn. characterset: ujis UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 4 min 15 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 6 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 12 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 6 Queries per second avg: 0.024 -------------- mysql> show variables like "char%"; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | ujis | | character_set_connection | ujis | | character_set_database | ujis | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | ujis | | character_set_server | ujis | | character_set_system | ujis | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
その都度set names=utf8などするのもありですが、根本的解決ではないのと
dumpを取る時にujis設定が生き残るために文字化けが発生します。
根本解決はmy.cnf自体をいじる必要があります。
[littlestarling@test init.d]# vi /etc/my.cnf [client] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x # clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package). old_passwords=1 default-character-set=utf8 skip-character-set-client-handshake default-collation=utf8_general_ci [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid [mysqldump] default-character-set=utf8 hex-blob
注意するのは"default-collation"の項目。キャラクタセットに応じた照合順序を
明示的に設定しないとうまく起動出来ません。こちらの一覧は次のコマンドで見る
ことが出来ます。
mysql> show character set; +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 36 rows in set (0.00 sec)
my.cnfを設定したらmysqldの再起動をかけます。
[littlestarling@test init.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop MySQL を停止中: [ OK ] [littlestarling@test init.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start MySQL を起動中: [ OK ]
もし失敗するようなら起動ログを確認しましょう。
[littlestarling@test init.d]# tail /var/log/mysqld.log
以上でMySQLの対応も完了です。起動後に再度statusとvariablesを確認してください。
mysql> status; -------------- mysql Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.46, for redhat-linux-gnu (i686) using readline 5.0 Connection id: 2 Current database: Current user: test@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.0.46 Source distribution Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: utf8 Db characterset: utf8 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 4 min 15 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 6 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 12 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 6 Queries per second avg: 0.024 -------------- mysql> show variables like "char%"; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
